1820 - In an attempt to resolve the conflict between pro and
antislavery forces, the Missouri Compromise becomes law. In
the final law, Missouri joins the Union as a slave state
while Maine joins as a free one. The measure prohibits
slavery to the north of the southern boundary of Missouri.
1821 - Thomas L. Jennings receives a patent for an invention to "dry
scour" (dry clean) clothes. It is the earliest known patent
granted to an African American.
1865 - Congress establishes the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and
Abandoned Lands, commonly known as the Freedman's Bureau, to
provide health and education to newly freed slaves displaced
by the Civil War.
1865 - Congress charters Freedmen's Savings and Trust Bank with
business confined to African Americans.
1869 - The University of South Carolina is opened to all races. Two
African Americans, B.A. Boseman and Francis L. Cardozo were
elected to a seven-man board of trustees.
1896 - The South Carolina legislature passes a measure creating the
Colored Normal Industrial, Agricultural and Mechanical
College (later South Carolina State) in Orangeburg.
1931 - Cab Calloway records the classic "Minnie The Moocher," a song
that would be forever linked to him. The song combined
scat-singing with nonsense syllables and lyrics of drug use,
recounting how Minnie and her cocaine-using lover, Smokey
Joe, went to Chinatown, where "he showed her how to kick the
gong around" - slang for opium smoking.
1962 - Jacqueline Joyner (later Kersee) is born in East Saint Louis,
Illinois. She will become an Olympic champion, winning two
medals (silver in 1984 and gold in 1988) in the heptathlon
and another gold medal in the long jump at the 1988 Games in
Seoul, South Korea.
1967 - Grenada gains partial independence from Great Britain.
1988 - Juanita Kidd Stout becomes the first African American woman to
serve on a state supreme court when she is sworn in as an
associate justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.
1991 - Motorist Rodney King is severely beaten by four Los Angeles
police officers after a high-speed chase in a scene captured
on home video by George Holliday.
1998 - Larry Doby, the second African American to play major league
baseball and the first African American to play in the
American League (Cleveland Indians), is selected for
induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame.
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