1883 - Hubert Henry Harrison, is born in St. Croix, Virgin Islands.
He will become, by the 1920s, one of the nation's most
prominent atheists. Harrison will recognize the connection
between racism and religion, and point this out quite
bluntly. The Bible was a slave master's book in Harrison's
eyes, which not only sanctioned the keeping of slaves, but
even gave advice on their handling. He will state that
any African American person who accepts Christianity was
either ignorant or crazy. He also will address Islam by
stating that the slave masters may have been largely
Christian, but many of the slave traders were Muslims,
apparently not deterred by their faith.
1903 - The publication of W.E.B. DuBois's "The Souls of Black Folk"
crystallizes opposition to Booker T. Washington's program
of social and political subordination.
1903 - Maggie L. Walker is named president of Richmond's St. Luke
Penny Bank and Trust Company and becomes the first woman to
head a bank.
1903 - The U.S. Supreme Court upholds clauses in the Alabama state
constitution which disfranchises African Americans.
1927 - Coretta Scott is born in Marion, Alabama. She will marry
Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1953 and be an integral part of
his civil rights activities. After his assassination in
1968, she will continue her civil rights activities,
founding the Martin Luther King, Jr. Center for Nonviolent
Change in Atlanta, Georgia. She will join the ancestors on
January 31, 2006 after succumbing to complications of a
stroke and heart attack.
1944 - Rhythm-and-blues singer Cuba Gooding is born.
1949 - Rhythm-and-blues singer Herbie Murrell (The Stylistics) is
born.
1960 - Togo achieves its independence from France. Sylvanus
Olymplo serves as its first prime minister.
1961 - Sierra Leone obtains its independence from Great Britain
with Dr. Milton Margai as its first prime minister.
1961 - Kwame Nkrumah, African statesman and the first president of
Ghana, joins the ancestors in exile, in Conarky, Guinea at
the age of 62.
1977 - Artist Charles Alston joins the ancestors in New York City.
After studying at Columbia University and Pratt Institute,
he had traveled to Europe and the Caribbean before
executing murals for Harlem Hospital and Golden State
Mutual Life Insurance Company in Los Angeles. A recipient
of the National Academy of Design Award, he also received
the first-place award of the Atlanta University
Collection's 1942 show for his gouache "Farm Boy." His
best known works are "Family" and "Walking." Among his
other notable works are "School Girl," "Frederick Douglass,"
and "Nobody Knows."
1994 - The first "Freedom Day" takes place in South Africa.
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